Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency
Menopause before 45 is called early menopause. Before 40, it is called premature ovarian insufficiency, or POI.
Causes
It can happen naturally, sometimes running in families, or follow surgery to remove the ovaries, or treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Often no cause is found.
Why treatment matters more
Losing oestrogen early raises the long-term risk of osteoporosis and heart disease. That is why hormone replacement is usually recommended until at least the average age of menopause, around 51, unless there is a reason not to take it. At this age, HRT is replacing hormones your body would otherwise still be making.
Diagnosis
Unlike menopause over 45, blood tests are used here, usually repeated, alongside your symptoms and history. Other causes of missed periods are checked too.
Fertility and contraception
With POI, ovaries can occasionally still release an egg, so pregnancy is possible though unlikely. If you don’t want to become pregnant, contraception is still advised. If you do, ask for referral to a fertility service early.
Support
An early menopause can be a shock and a loss. The Daisy Network supports people with POI.
How we help
We assess, explain your options and start or adjust treatment, and refer to a hospital specialist where that is the right step.
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